نامه فرهنگستان
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

The present article examines the change of the Avestan optative verb in Zand Venddd (Fragments [Fragards] 9-12). The Pahlavi translation and commentary of the Avesta is also referred to as “Zand”, the main meaning of which is probably “explanation”. The commentaries represent the scholarly endeavor of the Zoroastrian priests and their literary interests. Although translators and commentators produced the precise meaning of the original, the syntactic structure undergoes more or less significant changes. The current study found that the Avestan optative verbs in Zand Venddd were either transformed into future passive participle (participle of necessity) or turned into verbs in various moods. Meanwhile, both documentary and library research methods were used in this investigation.

The article deals with the study of the grammatical function of the preposition “az” in all three periods of Old, Middle, and Modern Persian. It, then, discusses the lexical and semantic changes of “az” as well as its grammatical function in the three stages of Persian.

The article examines the name “Tahmina” in the Shhnmeh from two perspectives: first from the codicological point of view which the archaic form “Tahmima” in the oldest version and some of the old and authentic versions of the Shhnmeh is preferred to “Tahmina”; secondly, in terms of etymology that in Tahmnak – the older form of “Tahmina” – three components can be recognized: Tahm: brave, -n and -ak: endearing/ affectionate suffixes.

The name “Nahvand” is derived from eighth-century (BC) “Nišya”/ “Nisya” which subsequently transformed into “Nisvanta”, “Nihvand”, and eventually “Nahvand” (literally “leaned down” and “settlement”). This paper is an etymological study of “Nahvand” based on descriptive and analytical surveys.

Drb Hormazyr’s Rivyat, a narrative work in Persian, is a repertory of minute and elaborate information on the religious beliefs, customs, practices, and ritualism of the Persian Zoroastrians. Three manuscripts of the Rivyats are preserved in the Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the National Library of I.R. Iran and the National Library of France. This article introduces the three versions of the work and considers the relations among them based on the extant manuscripts and the earlier studies.

Nizmi Ganjavi is one of the Iranian poets who had particular talent for word formation. He effectively used the “present stem” of the verbs in his works and created many new rhyming words. This case study seeks to examine the rhymed compound words with the present stems in Nizmi’s poetry. The result of the research shows that compound words with present stem of a verb could easily enrich the Persian vocabulary.

“Behbahni” is the dialect of Behbahn in the south east of Khouzestn province (Iran) and a subdivision of the Southwest Iranian languages. This article deals with the agreement system of Behbahni dialect based on five typological parameters on case-marking and verb-agreement (Comrie, 1978). It has been found that Behbahni, in nominative-accusative agreement system, is the same as Farsi, yet, in three possibilities of nonnominative-accusative system (tripartite, ergative-absolutive, obliqueoblique enclitics), is different from it.

The aim of this paper is to provide a typological perspective on the issue of split-ergative morphology in “Dikini”, a sub-dialect of “Marqi”. This study has shown that transitive-nominative and intransitive-nominative in both present and past tenses follow the grammatical pattern of split ergativity. In other words, the components of tense and transitivity are the main factors in grammatical change of nominative-accusative system to ergative-absolutive structure in “Marqi”. Moreover, in “Marqi”, the internal structure of the noun phrase is determined by case system.

This paper reviews the Northwest phonetic features in Kurdish dialect of “Sonqorkoliyi” by presenting the ancient words that survived in Kurdish “Sonqorkoliyi”. Data for this study were collected from written sources and interviews. The results obtained from the analysis of the relevant data indicate that the influence of Modern Persian on this dialect, in some cases, replaced the Northwestern phonetic features with Southwestern phonetic characteristics.

Zargari is a secret language commonly used among Persian-speaking families in Tehran. The present paper aims to describe and analyze Zargari secret language within the framework of the generative approach. Evidently Zargari is a natural language with frequent manipulation of repetition and vowel harmony in the syllables. The manipulation in Zargari consists in the insertion of a ZV-syllable within the syllabic pattern of the words.